[META] Provide a generic search/filter UI interface pattern for listing pages

Problem:

In Drupal core we have at least six different search/filter interfaces for listing pages (see below). We need a generic UI interaction pattern for search/filter what we could re-use in all current core cases and extend to other listing pages when needed. There are currently several developments what improve Drupal filters such as #497804: [meta] Search entities (nodes, terms, etc.) within the administrative interface → , #355820: Improve query filter UI on admin/content → #538904: D8UX: Redesign Modules Page → and #1452188: New UI for string translation → but this meta-issue here is here to sync up those improvements and provide an universal UI pattern what could be applied to any listing page when needed.

Requirements:

- Compact but scalable UI (might need expanding/collapsing functionality)
- Responsive
- Support both textfields and selector fields
- Optimize for simple (1-2-3 fields) filters but do support advanced (multi)filter.

Q&A:

Q: Why re-invent the wheel (Views + VBO)?
A: Views will not make it to D8 core. We need a solution for this release. Ideally this search/filter UI pattern could be re-used in future Views versions as well.

Technical implementation:

See #450666: Filter DB Extender →