Replace and deprecate _install_get_version_info()

Kindly review MR !9620. Change record:
https://www.drupal.org/node/3476950 → . Instead of function _install_get_version_info(), explode('.', \Drupal::VERSION) can be used.

Left comments on MR.

Feedback appears to be addressed.

The change looks good but the test needs a bit of work.