Image disappeared when using 'Private'

The Needs Review Queue Bot → tested this issue. It either no longer applies to Drupal core, or fails the Drupal core commit checks. Therefore, this issue status is now "Needs work".

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Attached patch against Drupal 10.1.x

This is a dupe of 🐛 Image derivative generation does not work if effect "Convert" in use and file stored in private filesystem Fixed

The patches are very similar.

Please re-open if I am incorrect.