Geocode LocationInput: Compatibility with Geocoder 3

Rerolling #15 to 8.x-1.0-alpha3. Updated service usages given the new geocoderProviderStorage instance variable. Removed the unused instance variable geocoderConfig and its associated service argument.

While making #21 I noticed Geocode::getParsedInput() had its logic changed for when it throws the InvalidArgumentException. I'm changing it back to how it is in the dev branch because it also matches how every other LocationInputPluginBase implements the logic: throw the exception if $input['value'] (or lat and lng) are empty. See Map.php and Raw.php.

I reverted two tests to continue testing for that logic. I added one more test to match the ones #15 had added. I'm basing these tests off of the ones in RawTest.php.

No longer applies to drupal/search_api_location (dev-1.x 4a13f71)

Applying patches for drupal/search_api_location
https://www.drupal.org/files/issues/2023-02-22/3048597-22.patch → (Geocode LocationInput: Compatibility with Geocoder 3)
Could not apply patch! Skipping. The error was: Cannot apply patch https://www.drupal.org/files/issues/2023-02-22/3048597-22.patch →

Rerolled for dev-1.x 4a13f71.

Removed the unrelated test class setUp method changes as it's out of scope here, though all test classes do need that public -> protected change.

Can confirm the patch in #26 fixes the issue for us (and applies cleanly).