Geocode LocationInput: Compatibility with Geocoder 3

Rerolling #15 to 8.x-1.0-alpha3. Updated service usages given the new geocoderProviderStorage instance variable. Removed the unused instance variable geocoderConfig and its associated service argument.

While making #21 I noticed Geocode::getParsedInput() had its logic changed for when it throws the InvalidArgumentException. I'm changing it back to how it is in the dev branch because it also matches how every other LocationInputPluginBase implements the logic: throw the exception if $input['value'] (or lat and lng) are empty. See Map.php and Raw.php.

I reverted two tests to continue testing for that logic. I added one more test to match the ones #15 had added. I'm basing these tests off of the ones in RawTest.php.