Clean up display of image field on comment form

Thank you for working on this but tested on Drupal10.1 with a standard install, which uses olivero theme and I no longer see this issue. Moving to bartik theme.

I have Tested the patch #26 on Bartik Theme on D.10, patch is not applying on this, Issue still exits on Bartik Theme

Hi ifrik,

Applied patch #26 for the 9.5.5 version on Bartik Theme and the patch is applying successfully and working well.

See the attached screenshots for reference.