Programmatically created translatable content type returns SQL error on content creation

Problem/Motivation

A created translatable content type added to the install config of a module or an install profile results in SQL error "Unknown column 'content_translation_source' in 'field list'" when attempting to add new content of that type.

Steps to replicate:
1. Create a content type with 'Enable translations' checked
2. Export content type as a feature
3. Add feature to install profile's info.yml dependencies along with language and content_translation modules
4. Install site profile
5. Log in, Add content of this type, Save

Error returned:

The website encountered an unexpected error. Please try again later.

Drupal\Core\Entity\EntityStorageException: SQLSTATE[42S22]: Column not found: 1054 Unknown column 'content_translation_source' in 'field list': INSERT INTO {node_field_data} (nid, vid, type, langcode, title, uid, status, created, changed, promote, sticky, revision_translation_affected, default_langcode, content_translation_source, content_translation_outdated) VALUES (:db_insert_placeholder_0, :db_insert_placeholder_1, :db_insert_placeholder_2, :db_insert_placeholder_3, :db_insert_placeholder_4, :db_insert_placeholder_5, :db_insert_placeholder_6, :db_insert_placeholder_7, :db_insert_placeholder_8, :db_insert_placeholder_9, :db_insert_placeholder_10, :db_insert_placeholder_11, :db_insert_placeholder_12, :db_insert_placeholder_13, :db_insert_placeholder_14); Array ( [:db_insert_placeholder_0] => 2 [:db_insert_placeholder_1] => 2 [:db_insert_placeholder_2] => page [:db_insert_placeholder_3] => en [:db_insert_placeholder_4] => asdf [:db_insert_placeholder_5] => 1 [:db_insert_placeholder_6] => 0 [:db_insert_placeholder_7] => 1445445894 [:db_insert_placeholder_8] => 1445445901 [:db_insert_placeholder_9] => 0 [:db_insert_placeholder_10] => 0 [:db_insert_placeholder_11] => 1 [:db_insert_placeholder_12] => 1 [:db_insert_placeholder_13] => und [:db_insert_placeholder_14] => 0 ) in Drupal\Core\Entity\Sql\SqlContentEntityStorage->save() (line 757 of core/lib/Drupal/Core/Entity/Sql/SqlContentEntityStorage.php).

Proposed resolution

Instead of manually creating/updating the content translation fields in a number of places (UI/Migration/Config Import) react to saving of the Content Language Settings config entity directly in content_translation.module. This both allows removing/consolidating code as well as covers the previously missing case of installation of module/profile config.