Omit duplicative end date for same-day event

Problem/Motivation

A same-day event (having the same start date and end date) results in the date of the event being output twice, which makes it unnecessarily difficult to parse the event timing.

Steps to reproduce

1. Create an event with the end date the same as the start date.
2. Observe that wherever the date is output (e.g. event page, Event Card) that the date of the event is output twice e.g. "April 28, 2025 - 5:45pm — April 28, 2025 - 8:30pm".

Example (event card; specific example might cycle out, but other remain):

Example (event node page):

Proposed resolution

When an event's start date and end date are the same, do not output the end date. Continue outputting the end time and the full (existing) datetime attribute on the time element for the end time.

This must be addressed wherever an event's dates are output.

The UI kit seems to already support this (which is why I'm opening this issue on the Drupal theme):

While conceivably the display of the duplicate end date could be made configurable somewhere, arguably the proposed resolution above is a clear improvement from current behavior and I can't identify any use cases for outputting the date twice. If necessary, I'd advocate for creation of a follow-up issue to make it configurable rather than increase the complexity of this issue.

Remaining tasks

User interface changes

API changes

Data model changes