On Drupal 11, because of some cache unserialization done by search_api, ViewsBulkOperationsBulkForm is instantiated twice, and so the ViewsBulkOperationsViewData service is initialized twice too. First with the valid original view, and then with the view unserialized from cache.
Sadly, the unserialized view is always empty for some reason, so it totally breaks VBO as it uses both objects simultaneously in the viewsForm method below:
// Only add the bulk form options and buttons if
// there are results and any actions are available.
$action_options = $this->getBulkOptions();
if (!empty($this->view->result) && !empty($action_options)) {
// Get bulk form keys and entity labels for all rows.
$entity_data = $this->viewData->getViewEntityData();
First we use $this->view->result from the original view object and then $this->viewData->getViewEntityData() which uses the result from the unserialized view which is always empty.
So we get in an inconsistent state that breaks VBO.
Use VBO with search_api on Drupal 11.
Quick and dirty hack : clone the ViewsBulkOperationsViewData so the original one is not overridden.
Find a more suitable solution to the problem.
Active
4.3
Core
Ok, it looks like the View shouldn't have been serialized but only some data like the View results.
I added some dependency to the ViewExecutable in my code that caused the full View to be serialized.