PHPUnit SQLite CI job (+ MariaDB + PostgreSQL)

Match what core did in 📌 Add testing wtih SQLite 3.45 Fixed to use SQLite >=3.45. It's easy for XB because XB requires PHP >=8.3. 🥳

Green!

This was much more difficult than it should've been due to #3447792: See if we need to raise sqlite version for Drupal 11 → not being fixed yet.

Automatically closed - issue fixed for 2 weeks with no activity.