drush updatedb returns error

Would you please run your command with -vvv for more information?

Based on /usr/local/drush/vendor/bin/drush it looks as though Drush is installed globally on that system, which is not supported by Drush.

I'm having the same or a similar problem and I'm suing AEgir (BOA variant) multi-platform / multi-site hosting system, which has many versions of drush on it since it can host drupal 7, 9 and 10 cores, and it allows using drush locally per platform. Is this going to be a problem going forward. Since the update to 10.2.3 we can't use drush to do a dbup - and if we try it takes the site down! Errors like this are produced:

drush updb -y
Drush command terminated abnormally due to an unrecoverable error. [error]
Error: Declaration of Drush\Command\DrushInputAdapter::getFirstArgument() must be
compatible with Symfony\Component\Console\Input\InputInterface::getFirstArgument():
?string in /opt/tools/drush/8/drush/lib/Drush/Command/DrushInputAdapter.php, line 54

drush updb -vvv gives:

drush updb -vvv
Drush preflight prepare loaded autoloader at [preflight]
/opt/tools/drush/8/drush/vendor/autoload.php [0.01 sec, 2.64 MB]
Starting Drush preflight. [0.01 sec, 2.64 MB] [preflight]
Cache HIT cid: 8.4.12-commandfiles-0-d533fd30d60aee95db6043a23eaf9fe0 [0.01 sec, 2.91 MB] [debug]
Loading drushrc "/data/disk/o2/static/d10.2/web/sites/all/drush/drushrc.php" into [bootstrap]
"drupal" scope. [0.02 sec, 5.45 MB]
Bootstrap to phase 0. [0.03 sec, 9.28 MB] [bootstrap]
Bootstrap to phase 2. [0.03 sec, 9.28 MB] [bootstrap]
Drush bootstrap phase : bootstrap_drupal_root() [0.03 sec, 9.54 MB] [bootstrap]
Loading drushrc "/data/disk/o2/static/d10.2/web/sites/all/drush/drushrc.php" into [bootstrap]
"drupal" scope. [0.03 sec, 9.54 MB]
Initialized Drupal 10.2.4 root directory at /data/disk/o2/static/d10.2/web [0.04 sec, [bootstrap]
9.54 MB]
Find command files for phase 1 (max=2) [0.04 sec, 8.01 MB] [debug]
Cache HIT cid: 8.4.12-commandfiles-1-86a645d09957713ed803dd865afd49f5 [0.04 sec, 8.02 MB] [debug]
Cache HIT cid: 8.4.12-annotationfiles-1-fb639ed55e74b29b25e00e8124a2c83d [0.04 sec, 8.02 [debug]
MB]
Drush bootstrap phase : bootstrap_drupal_site() [0.04 sec, 8.63 MB] [bootstrap]
Loading drushrc "/data/disk/o2/static/d10.2/web/sites/valid-site/drushrc.php"[bootstrap]
into "site" scope. [0.04 sec, 8.63 MB]
Initialized Drupal site valid-site at sites/valid-site [0.05 sec, 10.49[bootstrap]
MB]
Find command files for phase 2 (max=2) [0.05 sec, 8.96 MB] [debug]
Cache MISS cid: 8.4.12-install_profile-8fd1db0132851697bb39b65300700d82 [0.05 sec, 8.96 [debug]
MB]
Cache HIT cid: 8.4.12-commandfiles-2-3a468fc63ecb79ec6290d3c1c0a8f0b5 [0.05 sec, 8.96 MB] [debug]
Found command: updatedb (commandfile=core) [0.05 sec, 8.96 MB] [bootstrap]
Calling hook drush_core_updatedb [0.05 sec, 10.75 MB] [debug]
Bootstrap to phase 5. [0.05 sec, 10.87 MB] [bootstrap]
Drush bootstrap phase : bootstrap_drupal_configuration() [0.05 sec, 10.87 MB] [bootstrap]
Create from request [0.05 sec, 10.88 MB] [debug]
add service modifier [0.06 sec, 11.12 MB] [debug]
Find command files for phase 3 (max=5) [0.06 sec, 9.59 MB] [debug]
sql-query: SELECT 1; [0.06 sec, 9.73 MB] [notice]
Executing: mysql --defaults-extra-file=/home/o2.ftp/.tmp/drush_Zz6Vr1 --database=valid-db-name --host=localhost --port=3306 --silent < /home/o2.ftp/.tmp/drush_UvdYT3
1
sql-query: SHOW TABLES; [0.06 sec, 9.73 MB] [notice]
Executing: mysql --defaults-extra-file=/home/o2.ftp/.tmp/drush_G3rHj2 --database=valid-db-name --host=localhost --port=3306 --silent < /home/o2.ftp/.tmp/drush_DQPUt2
block_content
block_content__body
block_content_field_data
block_content_field_revision
block_content_revision
block_content_revision__body
cache_bootstrap
cache_config
cache_container
cache_data
cache_default
cache_discovery
cache_dynamic_page_cache
cache_entity
cache_menu
cache_page
cache_render
cache_toolbar
cachetags
comment
comment__comment_body
comment_entity_statistics
comment_field_data
config
file_managed
file_usage
help_search_items
history
key_value
key_value_expire
menu_link_content
menu_link_content_data
menu_link_content_field_revision
menu_link_content_revision
menu_tree
node
node__body
node__comment
node__field_image
node__field_tags
node_access
node_field_data
node_field_revision
node_revision
node_revision__body
node_revision__comment
node_revision__field_image
node_revision__field_tags
path_alias
path_alias_revision
queue
router
search_dataset
search_index
search_total
semaphore
sequences
sessions
shortcut
shortcut_field_data
shortcut_set_users
taxonomy_index
taxonomy_term__parent
taxonomy_term_data
taxonomy_term_field_data
taxonomy_term_field_revision
taxonomy_term_revision
taxonomy_term_revision__parent
user__roles
user__user_picture
users
users_data
users_field_data
watchdog
Drush bootstrap phase : bootstrap_drupal_database() [0.07 sec, 9.74 MB] [bootstrap]
Successfully connected to the Drupal database. [0.07 sec, 9.74 MB] [bootstrap]
Find command files for phase 4 (max=5) [0.07 sec, 9.74 MB] [debug]
Drush bootstrap phase : bootstrap_drupal_full() [0.07 sec, 9.74 MB] [bootstrap]
About to bootstrap the Drupal 10 Kernel. [0.07 sec, 9.74 MB] [debug]
get container builder [0.09 sec, 11.78 MB] [debug]
service modifier alter [0.09 sec, 11.93 MB] [debug]
Drush command terminated abnormally due to an unrecoverable error. [error]
Error: Declaration of Drupal\Core\Logger\LoggerChannel::log($level, $message, array
$context = []) must be compatible with Psr\Log\LoggerTrait::log($level, Stringable|string
$message, array $context = []): void in
/data/disk/o2/static/d10.2/web/core/lib/Drupal/Core/Logger/LoggerChannel.php, line 94
[0.1 sec, 17.68 MB]

See my comment #3.

It should also be noted that Drush is not a part of core, nor technically supported by core. In general, issues with Drush should be reported to Drush. (If we can confirm that a core change broke Drush, then we might revert that change from core until a fix for Drush was ready; however, we would need confirmation of what that change was and it should still get an issue in the Drush queue.)