Why does this custom code not generate an image?

Did you solve this?

The resolution of the problem is in environnement of dev and need many extension php for ImageStyle work correctly and the error is not reporting to a log message of Drupal send extension is missing.
This is my example of DockerFile Php.

FROM php:8.1.16-apache

RUN echo "ServerName localhost" >> /etc/apache2/apache2.conf

RUN apt-get update \
&& apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
 locales apt-utils git libicu-dev g++ libpng-dev \
 libxml2-dev libzip-dev libonig-dev libxslt-dev \
 libpng-dev libjpeg-dev build-essential \
 libfreetype6-dev libpq-dev libjpeg62-turbo-dev \
 libwebp-dev vim nano libmcrypt-dev libmagickwand-dev --no-install-recommends;

RUN echo "en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8" > /etc/locale.gen && \
echo "fr_FR.UTF-8 UTF-8" >> /etc/locale.gen && \
locale-gen

RUN curl -sSk https://getcomposer.org/installer | php -- --disable-tls && \
mv composer.phar /usr/local/bin/composer

RUN docker-php-ext-configure intl
RUN docker-php-ext-install pcntl
RUN docker-php-ext-install pdo pdo_mysql gd opcache intl zip calendar dom mbstring zip gd xsl
RUN docker-php-ext-configure gd --enable-gd --with-jpeg --with-freetype
RUN pecl install apcu mcrypt-1.0.2 && docker-php-ext-enable apcu
RUN composer require "drush/drush"
RUN set -e; \
    docker-php-ext-configure gd --with-jpeg --with-webp --with-freetype; \
    docker-php-ext-install -j$(nproc) gd;
RUN pecl install imagick
RUN pecl install xdebug && docker-php-ext-enable xdebug
RUN docker-php-ext-enable imagick
RUN curl https://drupalconsole.com/installer -L -o drupal.phar
RUN mv drupal.phar /usr/local/bin/drupal && chmod +x /usr/local/bin/drupal
#RUN apt-get clean; rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* /tmp/* /var/tmp/* /usr/share/doc/*

# Permissions
RUN chown -R root:www-data /var/www
RUN chmod u+rwx,g+rx,o+rx /var/www
RUN find /var/www -type d -exec chmod u+rwx,g+rx,o+rx {} +
RUN find /var/www -type f -exec chmod u+rw,g+rw,o+r {} +

WORKDIR /var/www
RUN a2enmod rewrite
RUN a2enmod ssl

RUN usermod -u 1000 www-data

RUN mv "$PHP_INI_DIR/php.ini-production" "$PHP_INI_DIR/php.ini"
#RUN mv php/ /var/www/php

WORKDIR /var/www/

EXPOSE 80

I am closing this issue due to inactivity. Reopen it as necessary.