Stacked grouping only display handles for first segment

I seem to have lost my drag handles again, but only in specific conditions.

My setup: a views page with two grouping levels, section and subsection . The drag handles display fine for the first section but don't load for any of the subsequent ones.

The issue only affects regular logged in users in production, not admins. Dev and Test sites work fine. I even cloned the production site back to test to see what happens, but the issue doesn't replicate. And it affects Chrome and Firefox, but works fine in Edge.

So, production admin works, production logged in user fails in Chrome and Firefox. Test and dev works for all.

Removing the second group restores the handles, but I need the second sorting category for dependencies elsewhere.

Could this be a partial regression of the earlier Not working with Group By feature → issue? I'm not showing any console or log errors.