Bundle both SQLite versions into a single image

Problem/Motivation

As discussed in Slack, and 📌 [11.x] [policy] Set the SQLite minimum requirement to at least 3.45 Needs review , it would be significantly easier to manage CI itesting both SQLite versions were bundled into the same image so that a simple command could swap in a different version.

This avoids the needs for issues such as ✨ Release ubuntu images for PHP 8.1 and 8.2 Active and can increase the cache hit rate on runners.

Steps to reproduce

Compare 8.3-apache and 8.3-ubuntu-apache images

Proposed resolution

Bundle both SQLite versions into a single php image

Remaining tasks

User interface changes

API changes

Data model changes